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The Dedication of the Lateran Basilica  - What is the Church?  The temple of his Body.

Today, the Church commemorates the dedication of the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome.  St. John Lateran is one of the four major basilicas in Rome, and it is also the church or Cathedral of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope.  There is no saint named “John Lateran”.  The basilica gets its name because the land on which it was built was donated by the Laterani family and the church is dedicated to St. John the Baptist.  The first basilica on the site was dedicated on November 9 in the year 324.  The building was the resident of the popes and the place where popes were consecrated until the 14th Century.  Because the Lateran Basilica is the Bishop of Rome’s church, and we are all Roman Catholics, this church, we can say, is our spiritual home.  Just as the Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul is the “mother church” of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, St. John Lateran is the “mother and head of all churches of Rome and the world.”  That is why we celebrate this feast universally on a Sunday while the commemoration of the other major basilicas are not feasts but only “memorials” on the liturgical calendar.

          But apart from this unique history and these liturgical nuances, this feast gives us the opportunity to reflect on what we mean by “the church”.  All the readings today make reference to “the temple”.  What was the temple?  The Jerusalem temple was “God’s house” - the place where God dwelled on earth.  It was the place where the people came to offer sacrifice to God, i.e., where they came to worship God.  It was the place of encounter with God.   In the reading from the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, Ezekiel give us a vision of what the restored temple would look like - what would happen in the restored temple.  He speaks of water flowing from the side of the temple - water that turns into a life-giving river that refreshes and renews, generating new life and abundant fruit in the land that it waters.  He says there shall be “abundant fish”  and “fruit that will not fail” - fruit that will serve for food.  The trees will have leaves that will not fade and will serve as medicine.  What we see Jesus do in the temple area in today’s Gospel is a dramatic and prophetic action.  Jesus is not simply “cleaning house” - getting rid of things that should not be there.  There is more going on than this idea that Jesus is simply outraged at the abuses and corruption that have creeped into the temple.  Those who sold oxen, sheep, and doves, as well as the money-changers, had to be there.  They were there to serve the pilgrims who were coming to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover feast.  Pilgrims were coming from all kinds of foreign lands, but the foreign coinage they had was not permitted in the temple.  They needed to exchange it in order to pay the temple tax and to buy the sacrificial animals in currency acceptable in the temple.  So when Jesus says, “Take these out of here, and stop making my Father’s house a marketplace”, he is saying something very radical.  He is disrupting the sacrificial system and claiming authority to do so because God is his Father.  In doing this, Jesus symbolically announces changes to come in the worship of God.  In the New Covenant, animal sacrifice will be done away with.  The temple leadership want to know what sign from God gives Jesus the authority to do what he did.  Jesus says, “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.”  Here Jesus is not only prophesying the destruction of the temple but he is referring also to his own death.  The temple authorities misunderstand what Jesus says - they think he is talking about destroying and rebuilding the actual temple building, but John the Evangelist notes, “But he was speaking about the temple of his Body.”  Jesus is the new temple - the new dwelling place of God.  In his death and resurrection, true worship of God is restored. In his death on the Cross, Jesus is offering the perfect sacrifice to the Father, doing away with all previous forms of sacrifice.  The Body of Christ becomes the new temple.  And the resurrection of Jesus from the dead is the sign from God that Jesus has authority to do what he does.

          In John’s account of the Crucifixion, after Jesus dies, a soldier thrusts his lance into Jesus’ side, and blood and water flowed out.  The blood and the water symbolize the blood of the Eucharist and the water of baptism.  Here we see the fulfillment of Ezekiel’s prophecy of life-giving water flowing from the side of the temple.  The Eucharist and baptism are the sacraments that form the Body of Christ, the Church, and feed and nourish and purify the church.  The Church is the river of life that flows from the side of the temple.  The Church is where we encounter God, worship God, and receive the food for eternal life.  The Fathers of the Church called the Eucharist the “medicine of immortality.”  The waters of baptism re-create us and graft us on to the tree of life so the life of God can flow into our lives.  Baptism allows us to make an offering of our lives in union with that of Christ.  We become, through baptism, members of the Body of Christ.  So St. Paul can say to the community of the baptized gathered at Corinth, “Do you not know that you are the temple of God, and the Spirit of God dwells in you?”  The Church is the “house that God builds” in our flesh.  The Church has a physical structure because it is made up of human beings that are flesh and blood, but it is not a human institution, but an institution founded on Jesus Christ and by Jesus Christ.  And this is the amazing thing - what it means that we are the Body of Christ - the temple of God: that God intends that people come into an encounter with Him through us.  He says, “Where two or three are gathered in my name, I am with them.”  You are a place where someone can encounter God.  This is what it means to be the Church. 

          One of the things that I find puzzling with all the talk about “missionary hubs” is that the plan seems to be that in the next 10 years there will be 50 hubs planted strategically throughout the Archdiocese so that no one is ever too far from a center of pastoral activity.  The archbishop wants to avoid or to eliminate what he refers to as “ecclesial deserts” -  areas of the city or the diocese where there is not easy access to the sacraments as defined by the presence of a church building.  “Ecclesial desert” is a term meant to be analogous to a “food desert” - an area of the city where there is no supermarket or access to healthy, affordable food.  The term implies that the solution is to add stores to areas that lack them.  But a closer look at the situation reveals that the problem is not a lack of access to food, but a lack of access to good, nutritious food.  Most people in these “food deserts” actually have plenty of food, it is just not food that is healthy for you.  The people are not starving but they are starving for good food.  We do not want to think of the church as a supermarket - a place that provides goods and services - a place of transaction.  But many of us conceive of the church in this way - or their relationship with God in this way - we go to church to “get something”.  And if we are good, we “deserve” an eternal reward.   The church, rather, is a place of encounter with God, a place in which one enters into a relationship with God through a relationship with a community of believers.  When I go to Walmart, I’m not really interested in a relationship with the guy behind the counter or the other shoppers.  I just want to get in, get what I need, and get out.  But how many of us treat church the same way or find the same experience in going to church?  The interim plan in order to not close churches is to have parishes that are run without priests.  And this is only happening because people do not want to see their particular church closed.  I think the reason we will fight tooth and nail not to see our church closed is because we’ve identified “church” with a building.   But the Church is never going to close.  Jesus promised that - “I will be with you always.”  If we are returning to an “apostolic age” - a time when the church was small and in an often hostile environment, it was a time in which the Church didn’t have too many buildings.  The “church” gathered mostly in people’s homes.  The church was mobile and missionary and wasn’t defined by its buildings or the “footprint” it occupied geographically.  The whole idea with the Church as compared to the Old Covenant is that salvation was no longer tied to nationality or land but by belonging to Jesus - belonging to his Church - the Body of Christ.  I do think there is something appropriate with the “food desert” analogy.  As it is now, for most people in this Archdiocese, especially where we live, there is no problem getting access to the sacraments - for example, there are about 5 churches within a three mile drive from here.  But if you believe the surveys, people are starving for homilies that feed them, music at Mass that raises the heart and the mind to God, and the reverent celebration of the liturgy that communicates and facilitates an encounter with the divine mystery - that we are here to worship God.  It is sad that someone has to travel often a great distance for a liturgical experience that feeds the soul or a communal experience that warms the heart, but it is a good sign that many, especially younger Catholics, are willing to do so.  They do not define “church” with a particular building but with an experience of worship and community.  Even when our worship takes place in a building, the encounter with God and the worship of God are not contained there, but we as the Body of Christ are to “Go in peace”, glorifying the Lord by our lives.