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29th Sunday in Ordinary Time (A) - “Repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God.”

There is so much more in today’s Gospel than simply Jesus finding a clever way out of a verbal trap laid for him by the Pharisees and the Herodians.  In line with the parables that we’ve heard over the past several Sundays - the Parable of the Two Sons, the Parable of the Wicked Tenants, and the Parable of the Marriage Feast, Jesus continues to reveal the hypocrisy of the religious leaders.  He’s calling them out - saying that they are not listening to God and not doing God’s will.  They have these positions of authority granted to them by God but are not serving God and therefore are not worthy of the Kingdom.  Jesus is calling them to conversion - calling them to repentance.  They know Jesus is speaking about them in the parables, and they don’t like it.  They are trying to find a way to get Jesus arrested - to shut him up, but they are worried about the political blow-back if they do so since the people held Jesus to be a prophet.  So they come up with this plot to trap Jesus with this “gotcha” question, “Tell us, then, what is your opinion: Is it lawful to pay the census tax to Caesar or not?”  This was a real hot-button issue.  Within Jesus’ lifetime, there was a major Jewish revolt over paying the temple tax.  Jesus most likely would have recalled the news of this even and possibly even seen with his own eyes when coming into Jerusalem for a major feast, scores of Jews crucified for instigating an uprising against the Romans over this issue of paying the temple tax.  Why was this an issue?  The Roman coin had an image of Caesar engraved on it, and the Romans considered Caesar a god.  The inscription on the coin referred to Caesar as “Son of God” and “Lord”.  God’s law forbade the fashioning of graven images in the likeness of any created thing.  To pay “tribute” or the tax to Caesar or even to use the coin was looked at as participating in idol worship.  That is why money-changers were necessary for those who needed to buy lambs, pigeons, and other animals for sacrifice in the temple.  It would be sacrilegious to use Roman coins to buy anything that would be offered in the temple.  So here is the “trap”:  If Jesus says, “no” it is not lawful to pay the census tax, the Herodians, the Jewish authorities who are supportive of Roman rule, would turn him over to the Roman guards and charge him with treason and instigating a tax revolt against Rome.  If Jesus says “yes”, it is lawful to pay the tax, the Pharisees will denounce him before the crowds as being idolatrous and unfaithful.  But Jesus knows their malice - their bad intentions.  They are really not interested in his interpretation of the law - his religious opinion; rather, they plan to use whatever he says to their political advantage.  They are more interested in power and maintaining the status quo than they are discerning how what they are doing or not doing is impacting their relationship with God.  Jesus calls them out: “Why are you testing me, you hypocrites?”  He then asks them to show him the coin that pays the census tax.  They then hand him the Roman coin.  This confrontation with Jesus is taking place within the temple precinct, so when the religious leaders produce the Roman coin, they reveal their hypocrisy.  They have brought the graven image into the temple.  They really do not care about the law or the coin since they are using the coin themselves and have brought it into the temple.  They may enforce this law when it comes to the general population, but they are not following the law themselves - they have excused themselves from the law or are being selective regarding the enforcement of the law according to what is politically advantageous to them.  When they identify the coin as belonging to Caesar - that it is his image and inscription, Jesus then tells them, “Then repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God what belongs to God.”  What Jesus is saying is not that it is OK to pay the tax.  Rather, he is saying “give that idol back to Caesar”.  And render your life, you who are made in God’s image - you who have God’s image inscribed in your soul - give your life back to God.  Both the Pharisees and the Herodians have sold their souls.  They are supposed to be religious men, but they have become political animals.  They have put politics and political power before faith - before their relationship with God. The Pharisees and the Herodians are focusing on political strategies to save themselves and have lost sight of the fact that salvation is the work of God.  Jesus does not answer their question about the temple tax.  He’s not going to get sucked into their political game.  Rather, he reframes the question to remind them that God has authority over all, including Caesar.  The Lord can use secular power to achieve his ends - for the good of his people, but it is always the Lord, not secular power that is the savior.  Secular power can, as in the case of Cyrus the Persian King who freed the Israelites from the Babylonian captivity, unwittingly serve as God’s instrument.  But that does not mean that one should put one’s hope in secular power.  There is the temptation to make an idol out of politics, but as the Lord says in warning through the prophet Isaiah, “I am the Lord and there is no other, there is no God besides me.” 

 With the mid-term elections coming up in a few weeks, how many of us are putting our hope in secular power - that our “salvation” depends either on a change in control of who is holding the reigns of political power or that we continue with the status quo - that all would be lost if the status quo changed?  Like Jesus, we should not fall for the trap of the political game.  Because those in power do not have our interest in mind, rather the aim of political communication is simply to eliminate the threat to any change in the status quo.  As people of faith, are we looking at faith and the church through a political lens, or are we looking at politics with the eyes of faith?  If we are anxious or stressed or obsessed about the political situation, perhaps we need to let go of the political idol and give our lives back over to God.