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24th Sunday in Ordinary Time (A) - Forgiving from the heart

After giving us some very practical spiritual guidance on how to respond to a brother who sins against us in order to “win him over” (i.e., bring him back to the right path), Jesus, in this Sunday’s Gospel, teaches us the importance of forgiving the brother who has sinned against us and forgiving him completely.  Sins against us create wounds in us, and forgiveness - forgiving the one who sins against us is a necessary factor in the healing of that wound.  What we heard Jesus say last week about “binding and loosing” - “whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven” is connected to the conclusion drawn from the parable of judgment in today’s Gospel.  Unless we forgive our brother from the heart, we will suffer an eternal torture.  If we do not loose or free the person from the debt of the sin that they owe us on earth, we will be bound eternally.  The standard or measure which we use to measure our neighbor here on earth will be the measure with which we are judged.  What Jesus teaches in this section of the Gospel is not just a warning concerning the final judgment, but he is teaching us how to live life together in the church.  Jesus knows, as Deacon Kevin said last week in his homily, where two or three are gathered, there will be conflict.  We are all sinners.  We will hurt each other.  Jesus is teaching us how to deal with it.  We are to take sin and the wounds it causes seriously.  Our hurt matters to Jesus.  For our healing, we need to learn to do the real hard work of reconciliation and forgiveness.  Peter’s question should not be interpreted as asking for a number  - as if Peter is keeping a count of the number of times he’s forgiven his brother.  “Seven” is a biblical number that connotes “completeness”, e.g. the Lord completed the work of creation on the seventh day.  Peter is asking, “Do I need to forgive my brother completely - in totality?”  How is that possible?  What does it look like to forgive someone completely?  Jesus’ answer affirms that we are to forgive without limit - in a boundless way.  The language he uses in his answer, “not seven times but seventy-seven times” is meant to be a contrast to the Old Testament figure of Lamech, one of the descendants of Cain, who spoke of his vengeance against someone who wounded him as being “seventy-sevenfold”.  We all know the story of Cain and Abel.  Cain killed his brother Abel because he harbored bitterness and resentment against him.  The disciples of Jesus are to be the anti-Lamech people.  If Lamech operated with boundless violence, hatred, and wrath, Jesus wants us to live according to the totality of his mercy and love.  He wants us to love divinely.  To love one another as he has loved us.

          The parable of the unmerciful servant explains the limitless nature of God’s forgiveness and the consequences if we do not forgive our brother in the same way.   The English translation that we have in the Lectionary expresses the contrast between the King’s mercy and the lack of mercy showed by the servant to his fellow servant by contrasting the “huge” amount forgiven by the king compared to the “much smaller amount” that the servant refused to forgive.  The “huge” amount was literally “10,000 talents”.  A talent was a unit of coinage of a high but varying value depending on its metal and its place of origin.  The “smaller” amount was literally “100 denarii”.  A “denarius” was a normal day’s wage.  One talent may be worth something like 20 years worth of wages.  It is as if Jesus is saying the servant owed the king “a bazillion” dollars - a number beyond computation - something impossible to pay back.  That is compared to a figure that could be paid back theoretically in time.  The king has mercy on the servant and forgives the loan when the servant says “Be patient with me, and I will pay you back in full.”  Because the amount was so large that it would be impossible to pay back, what the servant says is an empty promise - either something said in ignorance of the greatness of the gift he received from the king or it was a bold-faced lie.  Either way, the king is “moved with compassion” for the servant and forgives the debt.  When the servant who has been forgiven encounters someone who owes him something, he treats him harshly, and, even though the man begs, using the same words that the servant used with the master, the servant refuses to forgive him.  The servant in front of the debt owed to him is filled with wrath and anger.  There is something irrational about his action toward his fellow servant.  If the man is in prison, how could he pay him back?  If he is in prison, he cannot work off the debt.  Acting with harshness and out of anger is even contrary to the end of justice - making it impossible for the man to pay back what he owes.  It is not helpful.  It is even hurtful to ourselves.  Holding on to anger, bitterness, and resentfulness, and being unwilling to forgive is like drinking poison and hoping the other person will die.  It will kill us.  It will poison our soul.  We often say or will use the expression, “He made me mad” - blaming the offense of the other for our anger, which in effect is justifying our anger and not taking responsibility for it.  But another person cannot “make me mad”.  Modern clinical psychology has shown that there is a gap between what happens to us and how we perceive it.  We cannot control and don’t have responsibility for what happens to us (what another person did to us), but we do have control or responsibility for how we respond to what happens to us.  We may have a natural emotional response of anger, but we make ourselves mad by obsessing on the offense and saying to ourselves, “he made me mad.”  The reading from the Book of Sirach about wrath, anger, and vengeance makes this point along with making the connection between our unwillingness to forgive and our own healing and the forgiveness of our own sins by the Lord.  “Wrath and anger are hateful things (literally “abominations” to the Lord), yet the sinner hugs them tight.”  Feeling anger - the natural emotional response to an offense is not a sin, but holding on to anger is a sin.  Holding on to anger is a choice that the person makes.  The sinner is embracing it - it implies that at some level he likes it and is unwilling to let it go.  Sirach here speaks of a person “cherishing” wrath.  “Could anyone nourish anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?”, Sirach asks.  Nourishing or feeding anger in our souls is something we choose to do.  Refusing mercy to another is a choice.  Sirach says, “Could anyone refuse mercy to another like himself…?”  Sirach is reminding us that the one who offends us is no different than we are.  We are all sinners in need of God’s mercy.  I am no better than my brother, but if I am, it is only because I have received a great mercy from the Lord.  This is what the servant in the parable doesn’t realize or has forgotten.  Says the king, “I forgave you your entire debt because you begged me to.  Should you not have had pity on your fellow servant, as I had pity on you?”  

          How do we know if we have forgiven someone “from the heart”?  How do we know if we have forgiven someone totally the way the Lord asks us to forgive?  When we think of the person who offended us or meet the person after the offense, do we feel anger or bitterness well up in our heart?  We might have said, “I forgive you”, but if we are still holding on to some anger or bitterness or resentfulness or if we can’t “let it go” in some way, we really haven’t forgiven the person totally - from the heart.  Tonight we are having an all class reunion for St. Charles School.  I remember going back for one of my high school reunions and being a little apprehensive.  “I hope so and so doesn’t come.  I’m not sure I want to see him again.”  I’m remembering the kid who bullied me in school or wasn’t nice to me.  Part of me hasn’t let go of the offense.  Part of me hasn’t forgiven him.  Has it happened to you when planning family weddings, other celebrations, or even funerals, that you get that call from someone in the family who has a grudge against another person in the family.  They tell you, “If so and so is coming, I won’t be coming.  Did you invite so and so?  If you did, I’m not coming.”  We should never think that our beef with someone is “just between us.”  It affects the whole family.  In the Gospel parable about the unforgiving servant, when the fellow servants saw what had happened, they were deeply disturbed…”   Having an unforgiving heart does not just affect your relationship with the person who offended you, it affects the whole family, the whole Body of Christ.  That is why we have a responsibility to forgive and why it is a sin against the Body of Christ not to forgive our neighbor who has sinned against us.  Forgiveness is not the same as reconciliation.  We can forgive the other without being reconciled.  Forgiveness is a work we do with God.  Reconciliation requires the cooperation of the other person.  Forgiveness of the other is necessary for our interior healing.  If our heart is hardened toward the other, it is closed to the healing grace of God.  Forgiveness is something we do with God by extending to the other the mercy that we received - looking at the other the way the Lord has looked at us.  There is an image I like to use that expresses how anger is an obstacle to interior healing.  If my fists are clenched in anger, they are not open to receive God’s grace.  The clenched fist is an image of the unforgiving heart.  If we find ourselves with hardness of heart or a resistance to forgive another, it is something we should confess.  We should ask for the grace to forgive the other.  “Lord, give me the desire to forgive him.”  As to have a heart “moved with compassion” for the sinner.  And pray for the person.  Jesus says, “Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.”  Praying for the person gives or entrusts the person and the situation to God and opens your heart to God at the same time.  Keep praying for the person until the bitterness or anger goes away.  It is a torture to ourselves if we do not forgive.  We are not hurting the other.  It is insanity if we think we are.   Justice may put a limit to sin, but only mercy and forgiveness can heal.  Only mercy can restore our peace and give us healing.  Many sins and injustices that we suffer cannot be remedied by justice.  How will putting to death a murderer restore the life of the vicim?  It can’t.  It won’t make things better.  “An eye for an eye” does not restore but just makes another person blind.  At this Mass, and every Mass, we experience and receive the saving grace of God’s mercy and love - the mercy that freed us from the debt of sin, a debt we cannot repay.  Let’s pray for the grace to forgive totally those who have sinned against us, so that we will be healed and be set free.