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21st Sunday in Ordinary Time (A)  - “You are Peter, and on this rock I will build my Church"

When we hear stories in the news day after day about corruption in government and problems in the church and see howour culture that seems to have gone crazy in many ways, it may seem discouraging since it looks like we are losing the so-called “culture war” and everything is against us.  Things that would not have been tolerated years ago get paraded around as “normal”.  There are many things that we see all around us that are offensive to our faith.  Our Gospel today gives us great hope.   We don’t really appreciate the impact of what Jesus tells Peter and the disciples unless we know what was going on in Caesarea Philippi at the time of Jesus.  In Caesarea Philippi there was a huge rock formation, and at the base of the rock formation was a cave called the Cave of Pan.  The deep cave was viewed in ancient Hellenistic times as a mystical portal to the underworld, and the entrance to the cave was called the “Gates of Hades”.  Hades or “Sheol”, the place of the dead, is often rendered as “Hell”.   Pan was a Greco-Roman God associated with fertility.  Next to this cave was a shrine to Pan that was very active at the time of Jesus.  Worship of Pan included goat sacrifices and other rituals associated with fertility.  The temple to Pan was constructed by King Herod.  When Herod the Great’s son Philip became tetrarch of that region, he rebuilt the city and renamed it in honor of Tiberius Caesar and added his own name to the title of the city.  So this family of supposedly Jewish kings who are supposed to be representing Israel are funding the construction of a site of pagan worship and honoring Caesar who was considered to be divine by the Romans.  What the disciples were looking at was not only the product of corrupt government but something that was highly offensive to Jewish religious sensibilities.  It is here in front of what looks like a total cultural, institutional, and religious collapse that Jesus asks the question of his disciples, “But who do you say that I am?”  Peter makes his profession of faith, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”  And now we can understand the deeper meaning when Jesus responds by renaming Simon “Peter”.  Petros is a Greek word that means “rock”.  Peter and his profession of faith will be the “rock” on which Jesus will build his church.  And then we hear the promise:  “And the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it.”  Jesus is making a comparison between the scene of pagan worship and depravity and Peter.  He’s saying, “Don’t worry, Peter.  All that you see here, as bad as it looks, will not prevail against the church that I am founding on you and the faith you have professed.”  Peter or “kepha” in Aramaic refers to a sizable rock - one that could be used as a foundation stone.  Peter is often referred to as Cephas in the New Testament.  God will give someone a new name, like he did when he changed Abram’s name to “Abraham”, when he gives that person a mission.  And that mission for Peter is to be Jesus’ prime minister or representative in leading the church he has founded.  The “keys to the kingdom” symbolically represent the authority that Jesus gives to Peter.  The metaphor of the keys and the language that Jesus uses signifies 1) teaching authority and the ability to render binding decisions, 2) an authority to include or exclude members of a religious community, and 3) the authority to forgive sins - to “loose” or free one from sins.  The language that Jesus uses here evokes the event recalled in the first reading from the Book of the Prophet Isaiah.  The King’s steward or prime minister Shebna is expelled because of his corruption and self-serving ways, and Lord chooses his successor.  The Lord clothes him in the symbols of authority, and “he shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah”.  The Lord will give him the Key of the House of David.  Jesus is the Messiah King in the line of David, and the steward he appoints (Peter) will be “father” or “Papa” or “Pope” to the inhabitants of his spiritual house which is the Church.  What this Gospel teaches is that the Church and the Papacy are divine institutions.  These are not “flesh and blood”, i.e., human creations.  The church is filled with flesh and blood creatures - i.e., weak human begins, but our weakness, and corruption, and sinfulness will not stand in the way of Christ’s victory and the fulfillment of Christ’s promises.  Human weakness will not take down the Church.  It is a joke but it is true that if the Church was merely a human institution, it would have crumbled years ago; it would not have survived for 2,000 years.  There was a famous exchange between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII’s secretary of state.  Napoleon threatened, "Your Eminence, are you not aware that I have the power to destroy the Catholic Church?” The cardinal replied, "Your Majesty, we Catholic clergy have done our best to destroy the Church for the last eighteen hundred years. We have not succeeded, and neither will you.”  As we know, Napoleon’s empire is gone, but the Church remains.  The Soviet empire tried to control and to suppress the Church in Russia and its Soviet Bloc nations.  There is no more Soviet Union, but the Church in Russia and in the countries formerly under Communist control is still present today.  If you go to Caesarea Philippi today in Northern Israel, you can still see the cave and the rock formation, but the temple to Pan is just a bunch of ruins.  The Roman Empire and its caesars are no more, but the successor to Peter, Christ’s Vicar on Earth is here today.  Pope Leo XIV, is the 267th Pope to sit on the Chair of Peter.  The Church founded by Christ is here today led by an unbroken chain of successors to Peter that ensure that Christ’s teaching authority and the divine authority to forgive sins remains with us.  This gives us hope in a confusing culture of moral relativism when “truth” can be whatever anyone wants it to be.  There is a renewed interest in the Church today because young people especially have realized that if one’s “house” is not built on rock, it will not stand - it will get washed away in the midst of a culture where everything is “fluid”.  There is hope in the face of the depravity prevalent in our culture and the depravity, evil, or corruption that we see in each one of us.  Because Christ’s authority to forgive sins has been given to the Church, we can be loosed or freed from sin today.   Christ came to free us from sin and death and open to us the gates of heaven.  He chose Peter as the first Pope after Peter denied him.  Our church is founded on a weak and sinful man who the Lord forgave and restored.  That should give each of us hope.  Peter himself is a sign that we should not judge by appearances - judge ourselves, others, and the Church.  God chooses who he wants.   When we look back on 2,000 years of Church history, how even more true it is today than when St. Paul said of God, “How inscrutable are his judgments and how unsearchable his ways!”  So when we today look at the craziness of the culture and the problems of the Church - when the Church looks in comparison weak and powerless, Jesus asks each of us as he asked those disciples at Caesarea Philippi, “But who do you say that I am?”  We don’t respond on our own but with the profession of faith of the Church which is itself a revelation of God: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”  We have hope in Christ who is alive and with us today.  God’s love is eternal.  He has not and will not forsake the work of his hands.